
The difference between a photograph and an AI-generated image
Monday 15 May 2023, 16:32 by Nando Harmsen | 6,459 views | 14 commentsThis article was translated from Dutch with the help of AI. Read the original.
During the Sony World Photography Awards 2023, a photograph generated using so-called AI won an award. So it was not a real photograph.
The photographer therefore did not accept the award. He wanted to raise questions about this type of image. When is it still photography, and when is it no longer photography?
It was already briefly mentioned in my article about the Sony World Photography Awards 2023. Photographer Boris Eldagsen won the Creative category with a photograph created using software. I call it a photograph here, but of course it is not.
I also wrote an article earlier about whether or not you should edit a photograph. It is purely coincidental that this came up around the same time. If you have not read the article yet, you can find it here.
It is truly incredible that machine learning techniques can be used to generate images that are indistinguishable from reality. Boris Eldagsen's action shows this clearly.

Put simply, this means that it can be doubtful what you are looking at when you look at a photograph. Is it real? Or is it fake? This goes much further, of course, than embellishing reality by replacing a sky or cloning out objects.
So what is still photography? Where is the boundary, and when can it no longer be called photography? I think the answer is very simple.
Photography consists of images where the basic material has been captured using photographic techniques.
With this rule, which says that photographic techniques must have been used to call it a photograph, there is still a lot that is possible. Editing a photograph with Photoshop, replacing a sky, combining multiple images. That still falls under photography.

If an image was created without using photographic techniques, it can no longer be called photography. Examples include drawings, paintings or an AI-generated image.

This means that AI, or more accurately, machine learning techniques, can certainly be used to generate images. You can even call it an art form if you want, since the creativity of the 'artist' brings the image into being. It is not photography, however.
Although this makes the distinction between a photograph and something that is not a photograph clear, there is of course still a difference between an edited photograph and a manipulated photograph. These are also two different things. Even so, in both cases it is still a photograph.

There are many discussions about the role of AI-generated images and photography. I believe it can be very simple.
If a camera was involved in creating an image, it is a photograph. Regardless of how much editing or manipulation has been done. No camera? Then it is not a photograph. It is only an image.
I am curious to hear your opinion on this. Do you agree with the distinction I have described, or do you see it differently? Let me know in a comment below this post.

About the author
Nando Harmsen has been photographing for more than 40 years. He specialises in wedding photography and landscape photography. Nando also gives talks, workshops, masterclasses and photo trips, and regularly reviews new and interesting equipment.
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14 comments
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kok.f@ziggo.nl wrote on Monday 15 May 2023 at 21:49
| reply
The key for me is honesty. I have nothing against AI or Photoshopping, but be honest that you did it. Logically, somewhat stricter rules apply to news and documentary images, but when creating an image in general, anything goes as far as I’m concerned. That’s why the term photography is increasingly being replaced by image creation and photographers are becoming image makers.
Translated from Dutch. -
Rob IJsselstein wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 10:41 | replyThe proposed definition leaves open the question of what photographic techniques are. Further on in the article, it is stated that a camera must be involved; that already gives much more guidance. Going even further back to the basics would be to state that the base material must be captured with light. Could that put an end to all uncertainty and be usable in regulations for photography competitions?
Translated from Dutch. -
Tim Groeneveld wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 10:53 | replyA photo that has been manipulated to such an extent that the image really depicts something other than what was actually photographed is no longer a photo as far as I am concerned. Combining photos into a completely different image, including replacing the sky, already falls under this as far as I am concerned. That does not mean I cannot have respect for the creator's artistry, it is just an image and not a photo. The image of the 'Peel Volcano' above is, as far as I am concerned, a beautifully made image, not a photo.
Translated from Dutch. -

mousquito wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 11:23
| reply
Recently I read an article about it in NGC magazine and purely by luck I had identified the right photo as being generated by AI. The photo gave me the wrong impression and that was why I had identified it, but the development of AI is not standing still either and so this too will be improved. So gut feeling is not always correct. I think the definition of a photo is quite clear if you break down the word photography. PHOTOS and GRAPHOS, or writing with light, and AI does not do that. but then I want to take the discussion further, what if I take a photo and have it edited by AI, is it still a photo or not? after all, you start with a photo, where do you draw the line? If I press auto in LR for adjusting colour and light then this is also a kind of AI behind it. This is simply editing a photo, not manipulation yet, but this too can be AI.... is it still a photo?
Translated from Dutch. -
Marcel wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 11:58 | reply"Photography are images where the basic material has been captured via photographic techniques".
Translated from Dutch.
This definition falls short. A characteristic of AI is that existing information is used, in this case photos. Based on this "basic material", something new (read: different) is generated. Comparable to Photoshop, with which an image is created by combining multiple photos.
This implies that the image by Boris Eldagsen is indeed photography, or would be. -
Robert wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 12:22 | replyAgree with you Tim.
Translated from Dutch.
Photo shooting regards Robert -

Louis Meulstee
wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 12:26
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AI-generated image? Beautiful as far as I'm concerned and yet another new visual language. Personally, I prefer to call it promptography (to prompt = to enter).
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jan wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 12:40 | replyA photographic image, and certainly a digital one, zis the result of a camera with an attached lens. That camera produces a raw(RAW) image . So a lot of software is involved. In the past, this was done with colors that were recorded using chemicals. AI can help you improve your images, but an image produced with AI is therefore not a photo, it can also become a "painting "or an image of concrete..
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Stefanie wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 13:37 | reply'If a camera was involved in creating an image, then it is a photo' completely agree but I do have to add that this should be in the first degree (or basically minus 1 self-made photo), because AI is also based on (among other things) photographic material. What I do also think is that you should be honest about it, not claim that a photo hasn't been tampered with when the sky has been replaced and also not pass off an AI for photo/reality. I already use AI for backgrounds and composites, that's what it's perfect for (well, if you can get it to produce exactly what you meant then) and honestly it's fun to play with but it also has a dark side (although it's still the human who misuses it then ...)
Translated from Dutch. -
El wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 13:38 | replyThe fingers of the lady in the back show the imperfection of this AI image.
Translated from Dutch. -
remco wrote on Tuesday 16 May 2023 at 17:03 | replyI just saw that the major stock photo provider Shutterstock is now also offering AI-generated content... They obviously sense trouble too, if 'the perfect photo for your project' can be generated within 15 seconds, instead of having to sift through 800 photos.. I find it impressive what is already possible now.
Translated from Dutch. -

K.J.Schilstra
wrote on Friday 19 May 2023 at 23:27
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AI-generated images mainly consist of visual material that has been published on the Internet.
Translated from Dutch.
Software uses text commands for now (in no time that will be spoken words) to create a compilation of that material, but without the permission of the creator of the material used. Ergo, simply theft. -

MacBigfoot wrote on Friday 2 June 2023 at 22:01
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I am a hobby photographer. For me, the pleasure of working with a camera and post-processing in Lightroom (aka the former darkroom) comes first.
Translated from Dutch.
The moment value judgments are made about images (!), especially when there is comparison with other images, there is always discussion about the limits of what is permissible. That has always been the case in art and that will never change, fortunately, otherwise art would never be able to develop further.
Any self-respecting competition will therefore have to continuously adapt its rules to what is considered permissible. Just as there were photo competitions before AI in which manipulating photos was not allowed, with the arrival of AI a line will now also be drawn somewhere. Where that line lies is determined by the jury.
So I don't think making the distinction is important, an AI image can also be very beautiful in itself. I can sometimes find it uninteresting myself to know whether it was made with AI, in the end it is about what the creator wants to convey with it, and whether that fits within the established parameters.
(And hey, current generations of image editing software also use AI, is that allowed then? Pretty handy, such an AI that masks the subject perfectly for you, …)
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